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Eta Lyons
Every coral, from small free-living individuals to huge colonies, has the same basic body plan:
- Coral polyp – the living animal, basically a sack with a stomach and a mouth surrounded by retractable, stinging tentacles. These tentacles are used to catch food.
- Corallite - a hard calcium carbonate shell that protects the polyp
Corals are marine animals in class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria typically living in compact colonies of many identical individual "polyps".
The group includes the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
A coral "head" is a colony of myriad genetically identical polyps.
Each polyp is a spineless animal typically only a few millimeters in diameter and a few centimeters in length. A set of tentacles surround a central mouth opening.
An exoskeleton is excreted near the base. Over many generations, the colony thus creates a large skeleton that is characteristic of the species. Individual heads grow by asexual reproduction of polyps.
Corals also breed sexually by spawning: polyps of the same species release gametes simultaneously over a period of one to several nights around a full moon.
Microdocs: What is a Coral
[ame="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral"]Coral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/ame]